In a new review published in Oxford Open Climate Change, scientists issue an urgent warning that fossil fuels and the fossil fuel industry are at the core of interlinked crises that threaten people, wildlife, and a livable future.

The review synthesizes the extensive scientific evidence showing that fossil fuels and the fossil fuel industry are not only driving the climate emergency — they're also harming public health, worsening environmental injustices, accelerating biodiversity extinction, and fueling the plastics and petrochemical pollution problem. The review focuses on the United States as the world’s largest oil and gas producer and dominant contributor to these fossil fuel crises.

It presents the solutions already available to phase out fossil fuel production and use and to transition rapidly and fairly to affordable clean, renewable energy and materials across the economy.

Join the “Scientists’ Warning on Fossil Fuels” Open Letter

Scientists are invited to sign onto the “Scientists’ Warning on Fossil Fuels” open letter from scientists to decision-makers. The open letter is an abridged version of the Scientists’ Warning paper. It summarizes the scientific evidence on the interlinked harms to people, wildlife, and the environment from fossil fuels and the fossil fuel industry. It calls for an immediate and just transition from fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy and materials across the economy.

By signing on, scientists are supporting this evidence-based warning and calling on decision-makers to take action.

More About the Scientists’ Warning on Fossil Fuels Paper

Read the full paper.

Abstract: The evidence is clear that fossil fuels — and the fossil fuel industry and its enablers — are driving a multitude of interlinked crises that jeopardize the breadth and stability of life on Earth. Every stage of the fossil fuel lifecycle — extraction, processing, transport, and combustion or conversion to petrochemical products — emits planet-heating greenhouse gases and health-harming pollutants, in addition to causing widespread environmental degradation. We review the vast scientific evidence showing that fossil fuels and the fossil fuel industry are driving the climate crisis, harming public health, worsening environmental injustices, accelerating biodiversity extinction, and fueling the petrochemical pollution crisis. Fossil fuels are responsible for millions of premature deaths, trillions of dollars in damages, and the escalating disruption of ecosystems, threatening people, wildlife, and a livable future. The fossil fuel industry has obscured and concealed this evidence through a decades-long, multi-billion-dollar disinformation campaign aimed at blocking action to phase out fossil fuels. We focus on the United States as the world’s largest oil and gas producer and dominant contributor to these fossil fuel crises. We present the science-and-justice-based solutions that already exist for governments and civil society to restrict the influence of the fossil fuel industry, stop fossil fuel expansion, phase out fossil fuel production and use, and make a rapid, just transition to clean, renewable energy and materials across the economy, while holding the fossil fuel industry accountable for its deception and damages. The necessary transition away from fossil fuels will provide innumerable societal and planetary benefits and forge a path forward to sustaining life on Earth.

Graphical abstract high res

Authors: 

Climate crisis:
Shaye Wolf, PhD (Center for Biological Diversity)
John Fleming, PhD (Center for Biological Diversity)
William Ripple, PhD (Oregon State University)

Public health harms:
David J.X. González, PhD (University of California, Berkeley)
Mary D. Willis, PhD (Boston University)
Jonathan J. Buonocore, PhD (Boston University)

Environmental injustice:
Robert Bullard, PhD (Texas Southern University)
Robin Saha, PhD (University of Montana, Missoula)

Biodiversity loss and extinction:
Shaye Wolf, PhD (Center for Biological Diversity)

Petrochemical pollution:
Trisia Farrelly, PhD (Cawthron Institute)
Nathan Donley, PhD (Center for Biological Diversity)

Fossil fuel industry disinformation:
Naomi Oreskes, PhD (Harvard University)